Asad Ullah Gill, Qamar Farooq, Haroon Noor, Muhammad Hamza Afzal, and Qamar Ayyub. “DEEP LEARNING-BASED TRAFF‌IC SIGN DETECTION IN DEVELOPING-COUNTRY ROAD CONDITIONS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF YOLOV8, YOLOV5, VISION TRANSFORMER AND RESNET18”. Spectrum of Engineering Sciences 4, no. 5 (May 25, 2026): 2215–2224. Accessed October 11, 2026. https://www.thesesjournal.com/index.php/1/article/view/2960.