Arham Ikhlaq, Asad Abbas, Murtajiz Ali Khan, Atta Ullah*, and Zain ul Abiden. “SEMANTICS OVER SYNTAX: A DEEP BI-LSTM FRAMEWORK FOR ROBUST PASSWORD STRENGTH ESTIMATION VIA HYBRID GROUND-TRUTH LABELING”. Spectrum of Engineering Sciences 4, no. 2 (February 16, 2026): 547–561. Accessed July 25, 2026. https://www.thesesjournal.com/index.php/1/article/view/2019.