Arham Ikhlaq, Asad Abbas, Murtajiz Ali Khan, Atta Ullah*, and Zain ul Abiden. “SEMANTICS OVER SYNTAX: A DEEP BI-LSTM FRAMEWORK FOR ROBUST PASSWORD STRENGTH ESTIMATION VIA HYBRID GROUND-TRUTH LABELING”. Spectrum of Engineering Sciences, vol. 4, no. 2, Feb. 2026, pp. 547-61, https://www.thesesjournal.com/index.php/1/article/view/2019.