Snober, Johar Abbas, Saud zaman khan, Mubeen Yaseen, Faiza Shafqat, and Furqan Ahmad, “Smart IoT MATHEMATICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EXPLAINABLE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: MODELING, OPTIMIZATION, AND INTERPRETABILITY: Smart agriculture ”, SES, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 6542–6566, Mar. 2026.