Waqas Ali, Sohail Ahmad and Nisar Ahmed Memon (2026) “UNCOVERING ADVERSARIAL ATTACKS ON AI: HOW HACKERS FOOL AND MANIPULATE MACHINE LEARNING MODELS”, Spectrum of Engineering Sciences, 4(5), pp. 2923–2932. Available at: https://www.thesesjournal.com/index.php/1/article/view/3115 (Accessed: 11 October 2026).