COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF ARTIFICIAL SKIN DEVELOPMENT: ELECTRONIC AND BIOENGINEERED APPROACHES

Abstract

The rising need for skin substitutes in medical and cosmetic applications has sparked a surge in interest in the study of artificial skin. The goal of artificial skin research is to develop a material with the same structure and properties as human skin, including the ability to regulate temperature, sense touch, and provide protection from the elements. Artificial skin has been made using 3D printing, electrospinning, and tissue engineering, among other methods. To replicate human skin's structural and mechanical qualities, the most promising methods involve combining natural components like collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid with synthetic polymers to make a composite material. Recent breakthroughs in the field of artificial skin development have led to skin substitutes that may fuse with adjacent tissues, encourage cell proliferation, and speed up the healing process. These skin substitutes have a wide range of possible uses, from cosmetic ones like making prosthetics look more realistic to medical ones like treating burns, chronic wounds, and skin cancer. The field of artificial skin development has come a long way, but there are still obstacles to overcome, such as creating a material that can fully replicate the complex functions of human skin, increase the longevity and durability of artificial skin and make sure it is safe for human use. To continue expanding the development of artificial skin and bring it closer to practical usage, more research and collaboration between diverse sectors of science is required. The skin is a protective, self-healing, multipurpose organ that is considered "smart," and various types of artificial skins have been created with characteristics and functions that are like those of natural skin. This article talks about the creation of manufactured skin replacements, like electronic skins, and bioengineered skin replacements. Robots with this silly skin can also understand their surroundings more deeply and sensitively. The differences between the two types of skin are pointed out, and the effectiveness of both types of artificial skin is judged based on these differences.  By using conventional silicon-based or flexible computing devices like memristive devices and synaptic transistors, which are used in the implementation of artificial skin perception, artificial skin can outperform human skin in terms of distributed, low-latency, and energy-efficient information processing. Future improvements in artificial skin perception will make it possible to make next-generation intelligent electronic systems and gadgets for cutting-edge uses like robotic surgery, therapy, and prosthetics. In this review article, the previous year's artificial skin research is examined, and the significant advancements in the field are surveyed and retrospectively evaluated.