GREEN SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE: CARBON-AWARE AND ENERGY-EFFICIENT APPROACHES FOR SUSTAINABLE CLOUD COMPUTING — A COMPARATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Cloud computing has had a tremendous impact on the energy consumption and carbon emissions of datacenter facilities around the world. Consequently, Green Software Architecture has become a significant research field, which aims at minimizing the environmental footprint while preserving the system performance. In this paper, a comparative literature review of carbon-aware and energy-efficient approaches for sustainable cloud computing is presented. Twenty research studies are examined and classified in various sustainability areas such as carbon-aware scheduling, energy-efficient resource management, renewable energy integration, AI-based optimization, and green software design. The results show that intelligent workload scheduling, renewable energy use, and machine learning optimization can significantly cut carbon emissions and energy consumption. The paper also points out the existing challenges and future research directions in the development of environmentally friendly cloud systems.